The purpose of this working paper is to expand UNICEF’s knowledge and to provide a roadmap that includes evidence-based solutions to inform programming in urban areas addressing armed violence. 

The purpose of this working paper is to expand UNICEF’s knowledge and to provide a roadmap that includes evidence-based solutions to inform programming in urban areas addressing armed violence. 

This qualitative study combined a review of the scientific literature with interviews involving over 130 pregnant women, women who had recently given birth, and healthcare professionals in Belém and São Paulo, across both public and private healthcare systems. It concluded that superficial guidance regarding childbirth, a lack of partner involvement, a lack of awareness about birth plans, and restricted access to analgesia are among the factors contributing to women who desire a vaginal delivery undergoing medically unnecessary cesarean sections.

Analytical report detailing how communities in the Democratic Republic of Congo classify various forms of poverty and how these criteria may be used to improve the effectiveness of social policy.

This manual, developed for UNICEF Innocenti, provides a step-by-step guide to classifying poverty levels according to criteria chosen by the people affected by it.

Evaluation of UNICEF Guinea-Bissau country programme between 2022 and 2026 with recommendations for the next cycle.

This study investigates the distribution of green jobs in Northeast Brazil and their implications for regional development (Working paper)

The UNICEF-Government Cooperation Program in Uruguay was nearing the end of its program cycle (2021-2025), as initially agreed in the program document. To guide UNICEF in designing a new country program, provide accountability to stakeholders on program performance, and inform the government, an evaluation was conducted between September 2024 and June 2025.

This evaluation identified lessons, good practices and innovations of the School Remediation Program through Structured Pedagogy since the adoption of the BTSL (Back to School Learning) strategy in order to guide its new implementation cycle as well as its possible scaling up. The evaluation concerns two components of the program, namely, the Teaching at the Right level (TaRL) approach and the community management committees (FEFFI)

This Evaluation of the Partnership for Strengthening Nutrition Governance for Multi-sectoral Response assessed the extent to which the partnership has been relevant, effective, efficient, coherent, and sustainable in improving nutrition governance in Uganda. It also provided insights and recommendations for project improvement.

UNICEF Brazil commissioned Plan Eval to conduct a study on the sectors with potential to generate “green jobs” in Brazil, the skills required, and the opportunities for inclusion of adolescents and young people, especially those from vulnerable backgrounds. The research included diverse focus groups with young people nationwide, as well as semi-structured interviews with key organizations in the green economy sector. The study report presents strategies for UNICEF and the 1MiO initiative to engage these sectors and promote the socio-productive inclusion of young people by developing green skills and taking into account their perceptions and expectations.

UNICEF Comoros commissioned this independent evaluation of the Toilet Marketing pilot project (2020-2022) - a vital initiative addressing the pressing sanitation challenges facing Comorian communities. Despite 81% of the population having access to water points, only 4.7% have access to safe drinking water, and 62% of households lack improved toilet facilities, posing significant health risks to communities. The evaluation examines the project's achievements, identifies key success factors, and provides valuable insights for potential scaling within the 2022-2026 country program. By analyzing the effectiveness of strategies to promote and facilitate access to improved toilets, this report offers crucial recommendations for expanding sanitation infrastructure across Comoros.

Final Evaluation Report of UNICEF Brazil’s Good Nutrition for a Healthy Life project, which focused on promoting healthy school environments, building the capacity of health, education and social protection professionals, and disseminating information about the importance of exclusive breastfeeding for children up to 6 months old and continued until 2 years old, as well as healthy nutrition for children and adolescents.

As part of this national response strategy, UNICEF and the World Food Program (WFP) supported approximately 90,000 households by implementing cash transfers in selected areas in Tete and Zambézia provinces. The cash transfers were complemented with a Communication for Social and Behavioral Change (CSBC) intervention and referrals to appropriate services to treat and follow up on cases of exploitation and gender-based violence.

 The 2017 – 2020 Global Partnership for Education (GPE) support to Zimbabwe sought to enhance equitable access to quality education to all children in the country. The programme supported five components: (i) providing strong policy, legal and regulatory framework; (ii) implementing the new curriculum; (iii) equity and access in education; (iv) institutional strengthening and (v) programme support, management and monitoring.   

The Digital Bridges programme, funded by the UNICEF Innovation Office, aims to expand digital education in Uruguay in an equitable manner, increasing the recruitment and use of platforms and other digital resources to promote inclusive and quality education for all. Report in Spanish.

This evaluation brief presents the final evaluation of the EU Global Promotion of Best Practices for Children in Migration programme, which ran from 2020 to 2023. The programme, known as Children on the Move (CotM), operated in four countries across two regions with the partnership of UNICEF and UNHCR. The evaluation team developed a theory of change to analyse the programme's outcomes, assessing its relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. Data collection involved various methods such as document review, interviews, discussions, and surveys, conducted between May and October 2023.

This evaluation brief presents the final evaluation of the EU Global Promotion of Best Practices for Children in Migration programme, which ran from 2020 to 2023. The programme, known as Children on the Move (CotM), operated in four countries across two regions with the partnership of UNICEF and UNHCR. The evaluation team developed a theory of change to analyse the programme's outcomes, assessing its relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. Data collection involved various methods such as document review, interviews, discussions, and surveys, conducted between May and October 2023.

This report presents the final evaluation of the EU Global Promotion of Best Practices for Children in Migration programme, which ran from 2020 to 2023. The programme, known as Children on the Move (CotM), operated in four countries across two regions with the partnership of UNICEF and UNHCR. The evaluation team developed a theory of change to analyse the programme's outcomes, assessing its relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. Data collection involved various methods such as document review, interviews, discussions, and surveys, conducted between May and October 2023.

This country brief discusses the key findings of the evaluation of the EU’s Global Promotion of Best Practices for Children in Migration (also known as Children on the Move or CotM). This document summarises the main messages from the evaluation and draws lessons and conclusions from these experiences for similar interventions in other regions.

This country brief discusses the key findings of the evaluation of the EU’s Global Promotion of Best Practices for Children in Migration (also known as Children on the Move or CotM). This document summarises the main messages from the evaluation and draws lessons and conclusions from these experiences for similar interventions in other regions.

This country brief discusses the key findings of the evaluation of the EU’s Global Promotion of Best Practices for Children in Migration (also known as Children on the Move or CotM). This document summarises the main messages from the evaluation and draws lessons and conclusions from these experiences for similar interventions in other regions.

This country brief discusses the key findings of the evaluation of the EU’s Global Promotion of Best Practices for Children in Migration (also known as Children on the Move or CotM). This document summarises the main messages from the evaluation and draws lessons and conclusions from these experiences for similar interventions in other regions.

This report presents the final evaluation of the EU Global Promotion of Best Practices for Children in Migration programme, which ran from 2020 to 2023. The programme, known as Children on the Move (CotM), operated in four countries across two regions with the partnership of UNICEF and UNHCR. The evaluation team developed a theory of change to analyse the programme's outcomes, assessing its relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. Data collection involved various methods such as document review, interviews, discussions, and surveys, conducted between May and October 2023.

In this evaluation we carried out: (i) a longitudinal study with resettled families, comparing the situation before and after the move; (ii) an impact assessment with a treatment group and a control group; (iii) the evaluation of the satisfaction degree of resettled people; in addition to (iv) document analysis, focus groups and interviews with managers and technicians.

This evaluation aimed to assess the relevance, coherence, effectiveness, impact and sustainability of the AMS programme, particularly in the long term. To that end, mixed data collection methods were used, such as focus groups, interviews, questionnaires, among others, involving more than 500 people.

This evaluation aimed to contribute to the enhancement of the Programme on both national and state levels. To this end, robust monitoring and evaluation methodologies were developed to assess the effectiveness of the Programme's management processes and the quality of the products it delivers

This case study was conducted as part of research commissioned by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) on the impact of community engagement and accountability in public health emergencies. The overall objective of the research is to identify, understand and document how community engagement and accountability approaches have changed, impacted and/or influenced National Societies’ programmes and community-health systems during public health emergencies. 

This case study was conducted as part of research commissioned by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) on the impact of community engagement and accountability in public health emergencies. The overall objective of the research is to identify, understand and document how community engagement and accountability approaches have changed, impacted and/or influenced National Societies’ programmes and community-health systems during public health emergencies. 

This case study was conducted as part of research commissioned by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) on the impact of community engagement and accountability in public health emergencies. The overall objective of the research is to identify, understand and document how community engagement and accountability approaches have changed, impacted and/or influenced National Societies’ programmes and community-health systems during public health emergencies. 

This case study was conducted as part of research commissioned by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) on the impact of community engagement and accountability in public health emergencies. The overall objective of the research is to identify, understand and document how community engagement and accountability approaches have changed, impacted and/or influenced National Societies’ programmes and community-health systems during public health emergencies. 

This study aims to provide a baseline to support those lighting interventions and contribute to an evaluation exercise at the end of the investment cycle. The analysis explores the potential impacts on people’s behaviour and perceptions of safety and security, especially among women. It also addresses education and job opportunities. The study adopted a mixed-methods approach, including qualitative and quantitative tools. 

The main objective of the evaluation was to assess how the Development Cooperation Framework is contributing to the development of Brazil, based on national priorities established by the Brazilian government, in the period 2017-2021. The evaluation focused on both the development results achieved and the challenges overcome, the identification of internal gaps and overlaps, and the best practices that can be drawn from the implementation of joint actions.

This evaluation examines, on one side, the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency and sustainability of UNICEF Angola interventions in the context of the development of the education sector and, on the other, the coherence, coverage and coordination of interventions in the emergency context.

The evaluation consists of a contribution analysis for the first phase of the project and a prospective assessment for the second phase, identifying lessons learned, conclusions and recommendations to improve the implementation of the project.

The evaluation of UNICEF Brazil Country Programme (2017-2022) and UNICEF Brazil's COVID-19 response used theory-based approach with mixed methods and a non-experimental evaluation design.

This evaluation documents the importance of implementing more integrated, multi-sectoral child-sensitive social protection strategies to ensure a fair chance for all Tunisian children, and the crucial role of social protection in protecting human capital in the country.

Prospective evaluation of the baseline situation of the CRAN programme based on the six DAC-OECD criteria: relevance, coherence, effectiveness, efficiency, impact and sustainability (in French).

The study 'Food in Early Childhood: knowledge, attitudes and practices of Bolsa Família beneficiaries', carried out by UNICEF, analysed the eating habits of families with children under 6 years of age supported by Bolsa Família, now replaced by Auxílio Brasil. 

Collaborative process for the development of the logical framework of the CUCA Network's projects and activities. Includes review of the theory of change, indicator matrix, monitoring and evaluation tools and methodological guide.

The Água+Acesso Alliance works towards improving access to safe water for rural communities throughout Brazil in a sustainable fashion. This document guides the Alliance's participatory evaluation, with the involvement of 16 partner organisations.

The Happy Child Program (PCF) is a nationwide programme that supports stimulation during very early childhood. This formative assessment based on interviews with stakeholders contributes evidence for a management response for its upcoming stages.

Final evaluation of two social protection and cash transfer programmes sponsored by UNICEF in StKitts and Nevis. This report received a "highly satisfactory" rating from UNICEF's GEROS.

Executive summary of the final evaluation of the conditional cash transfer programmes in Saint Kitts and Nevis

Youth Aware is an innovative STD prevention programme sponsored by UNICEF that focuses on bringing testing facilities closer to youth and improving prevention through peer-to-peer education. This final evaluaion features lessons learned and recommendations for programme scale-up. Originally published in UNICEF's evaluation database.

This paper reports the findings of a research conducted in 2016 to identify optimal social communication strategies for increasing awareness around Zika virus. To understand how communication strategies could better impact the behaviour of the population, this research combined four health behavioural models to explain the main factors involved in taking preventive measures both individually and collectively. 

In this article we examine the effects that attending the CUCA network has had on the lives of young people living in Fortaleza (Brazil). Through a quasi-experiment we carried out an impact assessment to verify the hypothesis that attending CUCA units positively affects young people's lives in the following aspects: family life; social-emotional skills; performance in studies; awareness of citizenship rights; preparation for the labor market; mitigation of illicit drug use; and awareness about how to avoid unwanted pregnancies and / or STDs. In addition, we examine the possibility that the presence of the CUCA provokes an increase in the sense of security in the neighborhood where it is situated. To measure the above mentioned impacts, we use difference-in-difference regression models, in addition to Logit and Probit models. This paper is part of an evaluation work carried out at the request of the Inter-American Development Bank.